Essay/Term paper: A wind for every season

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Definition Essays

In "Ode to the West Wind," Percy Bysshe Shelley tries to gain transcendence, for he

shows that his thoughts, like the "winged seeds" (7) are trapped. The West Wind acts as a driving

force for change and rejuvenation in the human and natural world. Shelley views winter not just

as last phase of vegetation but as the last phase of life in the individual, the imagination,

civilization and religion. Being set in Autumn, Shelley observes the changing of the weather and

its effects on the internal and external environment. By examining this poem, the reader will see

that Shelley can only reach his sublime by having the wind carry his "dead thoughts" (63) which

through an apocalyptic destruction, will lead to a rejuvenation of the imagination, the individual

and the natural world.

Shelley begins his poem by addressing the "Wild West Wind" (1). He quickly introduces

the theme of death and compares the dead leaves to "ghosts" (3). The imagery of "Pestilence-

stricken multitudes" makes the reader aware that Shelley is addressing more than a pile of leaves.

His claustrophobic mood becomes evident when he talks of the "wintry bed" (6) and "The winged

seeds, where they lie cold and low/ Each like a corpse within its grave, until/ Thine azure sister of

the Spring shall blow" (7-9). In the first line, Shelley use the phrase "winged seeds" which

presents images of flying and freedom. The only problem is that they lay "cold and low" or

unnourished or not elevated. He likens this with a feeling of being trapped. The important word

is "seeds" for it shows that even in death, new life will grow out of the "grave." The phrase

"winged seeds" also brings images of religions, angels, and/or souls that continue to create new

life. Heavenly images are confirmed by his use of the word "azure" which besides meaning sky

blue, also is defined, in Webster's Dictionary, as an "unclouded vault of heaven." The word

"azure," coupled with the word "Spring," helps show Shelley's view of rejuvenation. The word



"Spring" besides being a literary metaphor for rebirth also means to rise up. In line 9, Shelley uses

soft sounding phrases to communicate the blowing of the wind. This tercet acts as an introduction

and a foreshadow of what is to come later.

Shelley goes on to talk of the wind as a "Destroyer and Preserver" which brings to mind

religious overtones of different cultures such as Hinduism and Native Indian beliefs. The poem

now sees a shift of the clouds which warns of an upcoming storm. This helps Shelley begin to

work towards a final climax. He then writes of the mourning song "Of the dying year, to which

this closing night/ Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre/ Vaulted with all they congregated might"

(23-25). Again, the reader feels somewhat claustrophobic. The "closing night" feels as if it is

surrounding the author as he writes and the reader as he or she reads. The "closing night" is used

also to mean the final night. Shelley shows how he cannot have a transcendence even in an open

sky for even the sky is a "dome." The "sepulchre" is a tomb made out of rock and his imagination

and the natural world will be locked and "Vaulted" tight. But in following lines Shelley writes

how this "sepulchre" will "burst" (28). In that sense, "Vaulted" takes on the meaning of a great

leap and even a spring. Shelley uses the phrase "congregated might" not just to mean a

collaborative effort, but to represent all types of religion. Shelley seems to use obtuse phrasing to

frighten the reader and to show the long breath of the wind. Shelley wants the reader to visualize

the "dome" as having a presence like a volcano. And when the "dome" does "burst," it will act as

a "Destroyer and Preserver" and creator. The use of the words "Black rain and fire and hail..."

(28) also helps the reader prepare for the apocalyptic climax which Shelley intended.

As the rising action continues, Shelley talks of the "Mediterranean" (31) and its "summer

dreams" (30). In the dream, the reader finds the sea laying "Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay/



And saw in sleep old palaces and towers/ Quivering within the wave's intenser day" (32-34).

Shelley implants the idea of a volcano with the word "pumice." The "old palaces and towers" stir

vivid images of ancient Rome and Greece in the readers mind. Shelley also uses these images in

the sea's dream to show that the natural world and the human social and political world are

parallel. Again, he uses soft sounding words, but this time it is used to lull the reader into the

same dream-like state of the Mediterranean. The "pumice" shows destruction and creation for

when the volcano erupts it destroys. But it also creates more new land. The "pumice" is probably

Shelley's best example of rebirth and rejuvenation. The word "Quivering" is not just used to

describe the reflection of images in the water. It is also used to show a sense of fear which seems

to be the most common mood and emotion in this poem. Is Shelley perhaps making a comment

that at the root of people's faith is fear of vengeful god? Maybe, but the main focus of this poem

is not just religion, but what religion stands for which is death and rebirth. Could line 34, also be

a comment on Shelley himself?

In the final stanzas, Shelley has the wind transforming from the natural world toward

human suffering. Shelley pleads with the wind: "Oh! lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!" (54). He

seeks transcendence from the wind and says: "I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed" (55).

Shelley shows Christ not as a religion, but as a hero of sacrifice and suffering, like the poet

himself. He again pleads for the wind: "Drive my dead thought over the universe...to quicken a

new birth!" (63-64). He asks the wind to "Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth/ Ashes and

sparks, my words among mankind!/ Be through my lips to unawakened Earth" (66-68). The

words "unextinguished hearth" represent the poets undying passion. The "hearth" is also at the

centre of the earth which helps make the connection between humanity and nature. Both are



constantly trying to reinvent themselves. When one scatters "ashes" it's at one's death and that

person becomes one with the earth. When one scatters "sparks" it is these sparks that create new

fires of creation and destruction. These new "sparks" arise when the "dome" explodes and

abandons old ways. Can one ever escape the roots of creation? Shelley has many Blakean

overtones of creation and destruction in the final tercet of this poem. Shelley's says that his lips

are the "trumpet of prophecy" (69). And many say that Wordsworth is egotistical? Again, he uses

biblical sounding words to add drama and importance to his prophetic vision. And it definitely

helps achieve Shelley's intended climax when he asks with hope: "If Winter comes, can Spring be

far behind? (70).This sentence could be rewritten substituting the word death, for the word

"Winter," and the word rebirth, could take the place of "spring."

Shelley, like all of the Romantic poets, constantly tries to achieve a transcendence to

sublime. In "Ode to the West Wind," Shelley uses the wind as a power of change that flow

through history, civilization, religions and human life itself. Does the wind help Shelley achieve

his transcendence? It seems it has in some sense, but Shelley never achieves his full sublime. In

poems such as "Stanzas written in Dejection Near Naples" Shelley uses images of "lightning" (15)

and "flashing" (16) which help demonstrate that he can only attain a partial sublime unlike a poet

like William Wordsworth. Perhaps that's why he tries to give rebirth to his individual imagination.

One can never restart totally new. Even the trees that will grow from "the winged seeds" are not

totally new, but that is the point Shelley is trying to make. He feels himself to be part of a

continuing cycle. Since Shelley is an atheist the only way his soul can live on is through the

"incantation" of his words. So, if his transcendence is to live on in eternity and create inspiration

and change in others like the West Wind, then he has achieved something greater than he could




have imagined. But whether he grasped a complete transcendence for himself while he was alive

remains to be answered. It seems that it is only in his death that the "Wild Spirit" (13) could be

lifted "as a wave, a leaf, a cloud" to blow free in the "Wild West Wind" (1).